|
Appraisal
|
Determining whether event is relevant to caregiver or patient’s well-being
|
|
Threat
|
Event poses a threat to patient or caregiver well-being that may be outside of caregiver’s capacity to address
|
|
Challenge
|
Event poses a potentially surmountable obstacle within caregiver’s capacity
|
|
Harm
|
Event leads to direct harm to patient or caregiver
|
|
Benign
|
Event is unlikely to change patient or caregiver status or may improve it
|
|
Irrelevant
|
Event has no bearing on patient or caregiver status
|
|
Coping
|
|
Problem-focused coping
|
Acting on oneself or the environment, such as seeking information
|
|
Emotion-focused coping
|
Changing the relationship to the environment, or changing the relational meaning of the experience to avoid stress
|
|
Event Outcome
|
|
Favourable resolution
|
Outcome is consistent with goals and values
|
|
Unfavourable resolution
|
Outcome is contrary to goals and values, such as harm
|
|
No resolution
|
Situation persists without opportunity for change
|
|
Emotion Outcome
|
|
Positive emotion
|
Favourable resolution leads to satisfaction, end of coping
|
|
Distress
|
Unfavourable resolution of event leads to distress
|
|
Meaning-based coping
|
Unfavourable or no resolution leads to adapting one’s mental state to be able to respond to an event
|
|
Positive reappraisal
|
Finding meaning in the event based on beliefs and values
|
|
Revised goals
|
Adjusting goals for situation to obtain control
|
|
Spiritual beliefs
|
Activating spiritual beliefs to fuel emotion- or problem-based functions
|
|
Positive events
|
A satisfactory outcome to the event leads to positive appraisal
|
|
Variables
| |
|
Preparedness
|
How ready the caregiver perceives being, regardless of actual skill or knowledge
|
|
Mastery
|
Sense of control and enhanced self-esteem through overcoming a stressor, development of new abilities, very broadly (not task-specific)
|
|
Competence
|
Perception of self as adequate at caregiving specifically
|
|
Self-efficacy
|
Belief in one’s own ability to manage a situation. Not an inherent trait but event- and task-specific
|
|
Anxiety, depression and distress
|
Negative psychological effects of ongoing caregiving demands
|
|
Social support
|
Interactions with friends, family, coworkers. Can be positive or negative, or absent.
|
|
Information
|
Seeking information to assess problems and solutions. Successful information seeking facilitates more effective coping.
|
|
Rewards
|
Satisfaction, positive emotional gains from caregiving, such as receiving love from patient, seeing patient content, feeling accomplished
|
|
Meaningfulness
|
Caregiver sees role as worthwhile investment or challenge
|
|
Positive emotions
|
Feelings of happiness, satisfaction, recognition as opposed to stress
|
|
Optimism
|
Inherent trait that buffers caregiver against strains of caregiving
|
|
Mutuality
|
Gratitude and meaning and idea of reciprocity in relationship with patient, closeness
|
|
Respite
|
Activities or interactions outside of caregiving that reduce stress and allow caregiver to recognise his/her own needs and interests
|
|
Cultural factors
|
Expectations about familial roles that shape expectations of caregiving and influence stress and coping (e.g., duty or honour to care for spouse or parent)
|
|
Caregiver burden and health
|
Physical, emotional, psychological, financial, or social problems related to caregiving (e.g., lack of sleep, numbed emotions, isolation)
|
|
Choice and commitment
|
Making a conscious choice to take on caregiving role
|
|
Patient’s disease, dependency, and illness duration
|
Patient’s physical needs, psychological aspects of illness, and own recognition and outlook on illness
|
|
Caregiver age, gender, socioeconomic status
|
Unclear but possible relationships in response to caregiving based on relationship status, age (physical ability), economics
|
|
Additional codes
|
|
External influences
|
Legal, economic, or other structural factors that shape the environment in which care is provided overall and the caregiver’s options for providing care (e.g., insurance, sick leave)
|
|
Grief
|
Anticipatory or posthumous grieving
|
