No difference in effects of ‘PACE steps to success’ palliative care program for nursing home residents with and without dementia: a pre-planned subgroup analysis of the seven-country PACE trial

Table 2 Effects on comfort and quality of care and dying by subgroups

Comparison between the subgroups	Subgroup differences in baseline-adjusted mean difference (95% CI)	p-values^c
Comfort in the last week of life^a
Advanced dementia vs Without dementia	2.1 (−0.9–5.1)	0.177
Non-advanced dementia vs Without dementia	2.7 (−0.4–5.9)	0.092
Advanced dementia vs Non-advanced dementia	−0.6 (−3.8–2.5)	0.698
Quality of care and dying in the last month of life^b
Advanced dementia vs Without dementia	−0.6 (−4.1–2.9)	0.741
Non-advanced dementia vs Without dementia	−1.5 (−5.2–2.2)	0.428
Advanced dementia vs Non-advanced dementia	0.9 (−2.8–4.6)	0.632

All mean total scores and p-values are cluster-adjusted
Abbreviations: CAD-EOLD Comfort Assessment in Dying–End of Life in Dementia, QOD-LTC Quality of Dying in Long Term Care, CI confidence intervals
^a Comfort in the last week of life was measured using CAD-EOLD scale (total scores range 14–42). Higher scores indicate better comfort
^b Quality of care and dying in the last month of life was measured using QOD-LTC scale (total scores range 11–55). Higher scores indicate better quality of care and dying
^c Subgroup differences in the estimated baseline-adjusted mean differences between intervention and control groups post-intervention (group x time x dementia interaction)

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